All in a Day's Work
Mobile phones, laptop computers, and
the Blackberry have changed where and when people can do work. Gender
equality in the
workplace has altered traditional notions of who
should be at home and when. Globalization has led to increased
competition and
more business interactions across time zones - meaning
longer hours at work for many. Is the forty-hour workweek a relic of
the
past? What impact will longer work hours and increased
telecommuting have on families and on mental health of children and
adults? Several countries have tried to mandate
maximum work hours and minimum vacation time, but such policies can lead
to
higher rates of unemployment and other negative
economic consequences. Will workers in the future, even well-educated
ones, be
able to succeed financially yet still manage to enjoy
free time alone or with friends and family?
Coral Reefs Coral reefs are sometimes known as
"the rainforests of the sea." Reefs are some of the world's great
tropical and sub-tropical
ecosystems. Coral reefs support the livelihoods of
millions of people. Worldwide, already 25 percent of coral reefs have
been
destroyed or badly degraded and some scientist predict
that by 2020 up to 70 percent might be permanently lost. These are
areas
rich in marine species that are found only in a small
area. Therefore, they are highly vulnerable to extinction. They supply
seafood,
building materials, sources for medicinal products,
and draw in much needed tourism revenue. Reefs also protect shorelines
and
communities from storms and erosion. Coral reefs are
deeply threatened by human activities and global climate change. Coral
reefs
are an important source of food for hundreds of
millions of people, many of whom have no other source of animal protein.
However,
especially reefs in developing countries are
threatened and if human impact on reefs is not reduced there is a great
danger that some
of the world's poorest people will lose an important
source of nutrition, and in many cases, their livelihoods.
Human Rights Since the end of World War II, many
people have prioritized the protection of human rights around the world.
But what exactly are
human rights? Do they vary depending on religion and
culture? Many western countries criticize the Islamic world for its
treatment of
women, while the United States is often condemned for
its use of the death penalty. Can one nation fight to protect human
rights in
another nation, and if so, how? What challenges do
globalization and the prevention of terrorism present to the
preservation of
human rights in the future?
Trade Barriers
Historically, states have relied on
trade barriers - such as subsidies for domestic producers, import
quotas, and tariffs - to protect
domestic economic interests. Many economists have long
argued, however, that such barriers can limit potential economic
growth,
may only benefit certain politically powerful groups
like labor unions, and have other harmful effects. To combat these
concerns,
policymakers around the world have created new
treaties and institutions, such as the World Trade Organization, on the
theory that
reducing trade barriers will increase economic
prosperity. But others argue that the benefits of tearing down trade
barriers means
fewer jobs and lower wages for farmers, factory
workers, and relatively less-educated employees. Should policymakers
strive for Free
Trade or Fair Trade in the future - or some balance of
the two?
Pharmaceuticals Many people rely on modern medicines
to stay alive and well, but others are not as fortunate. Should
countries have to respect
intellectual property rights causing citizens to pay
for drugs at prices they cannot afford? Are pharmaceutical companies
earning too
much profit? How do we sustain pharmaceutical research
and development without incredibly large prices and profits? Are
therapeutic products going too far in developed
countries? It is difficult to understand why medicines for diseases that
tend to afflict
poorer countries - which are often relatively simple
and cheap to develop - are neglected while there are drugs readily
available for
trivial issues such as cosmetics. Are people becoming
too dependent on medications? One study in England concluded that over
50%
of antibiotic resistant microorganisms are the direct
result of the excessive use of antibiotics in intensive animal farming
(i.e. battery
chickens) and in human medicine as well. We’re now
encountering the effects of overuse of antibiotics in diseases with
resistance to
multiple antibiotics which are limiting the ability of
modern medicine to cure disease. What other consequences may result
from
mankind’s addiction to medicine in the future?